An urban flood-risk assessment of South Jakarta, Indonesia: A methodological approach through frequency ratio, receiver operating curve and analytic hierarchy process

This study presents an innovative and practical framework for urban flood-risk assessment, combining FR, ROC-AUC and AHP to evaluate flood susceptibility and vulnerability in South Jakarta, Indonesia. Leveraging high-resolution geospatial data at a detailed 1:25 000 scale, it addresses critical data gaps and equips policymakers with actionable tools to integrate risk sensitive strategies into urban spatial planning for further mitigation. The findings, revealing 74.55% of the area at medium flood risk, set a benchmark for advancing disaster resilience and sustainable urban development, offering valuable applications for other rapidly urbanising, data-constrained regions globally.