An improved analytical theory of ion temperature gradient instability in tokamak plasmas

Abstract The ion temperature gradient (ITG) instability is a fundamental mechanism driving heat transport in magnetically confined plasmas. Previous analytical models often based on fluid-ion approximations, assuming <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>≫</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> are found to exhibit notable discrepancies when compared to numerical results obtained by gyrokinetic simulations and eigenvalue code. Here, ω denotes the mode frequency, <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> the ion diamagnetic drift frequency and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> the ion magnetic drift frequency due to magnetic field gradient and curvature. In this work, we have developed an improved analytical theory that assumes <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . A new analytical ITG dispersion relation is first derived for adiabatic electrons and subsequently extended via perturbation theory to incorporate trapped electron effects. The resulting analytical predictions show excellent agreement with numerical results of simulation and eigenvalue codes. This improved analytical theory, thus, provides a robust theoretical approach for further studies of ITG instabilities in magnetically confined fusion devices.

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Publication Details

Journal
Nuclear Fusion
Published
2026-01-20
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ae3ab4
Primary Topic
Magnetic confinement fusion research
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article
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article

An improved analytical theory of ion temperature gradient instability in tokamak plasmas

Liu Chen, Chien-Chung Hsu, Shih-Hung Chen
Nuclear Fusion
Magnetic confinement fusion research
article

An improved analytical theory of ion temperature gradient instability in tokamak plasmas

Liu Chen, Chien-Chung Hsu, Shih-Hung Chen
article en

Abstract

Abstract The ion temperature gradient (ITG) instability is a fundamental mechanism driving heat transport in magnetically confined plasmas. Previous analytical models often based on fluid-ion approximations, assuming <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>≫</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> are found to exhibit notable discrepancies when compared to numerical results obtained by gyrokinetic simulations and eigenvalue code. Here, ω denotes the mode frequency, <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> the ion diamagnetic drift frequency and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> the ion magnetic drift frequency due to magnetic field gradient and curvature. In this work, we have developed an improved analytical theory that assumes <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . A new analytical ITG dispersion relation is first derived for adiabatic electrons and subsequently extended via perturbation theory to incorporate trapped electron effects. The resulting analytical predictions show excellent agreement with numerical results of simulation and eigenvalue codes. This improved analytical theory, thus, provides a robust theoretical approach for further studies of ITG instabilities in magnetically confined fusion devices.

Nuclear FusionVol. 66(3)
National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (IT), University of California, Irvine (US), National Central University (TW)
Openalex Percentile: Top 77%
Magnetic confinement fusion research
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