Causal Effects Between Antibody-Mediated Immune Responses and Parkinson’s Disease: Insights from Genetic Studies

This MR study offers genetic evidence supporting a potential causal involvement of specific antibody-mediated immune responses in the pathogenesis of PD. Elevated EBNA-1 antibody levels are associated with an increased risk of PD, whereas anti-polyomavirus 2 IgG seropositivity appears to confer a protective effect. These findings provide new insights into the immunological mechanisms underlying PD and underscore the potential of immune-related biomarkers and therapeutic targets.