A Review on Morphology-Selective Biofabrication of Zinc Oxide Nanostructures

This review highlights a green and cost-effective method for the morphology-selective biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs), using plant extracts or biomass as reductants and stabilizers. Through careful adjustment of variables such as pH, reaction temperature and reaction duration, it is possible to fine-tune the shape of the resulting ZnONPs, yielding structures such as nanorods, nanospheres, nanoflakes and nanoflowers. This study highlights how various natural sources and conditions influence shape formation, providing insight into morphological selectivity. Characterization via SEM and TEM confirmed the diversity of forms. This environmentally friendly approach promotes sustainable nanoparticle production and underlines the role of bioinspired strategies in advancing green nanotechnology.