Urban air pollution, green space, and pneumonia risk: a spatial analysis across health zones in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
Pneumonia risk in Kinshasa is driven primarily by environmental and infrastructural inequalities rather than by the isolated effects of individual air pollutants. Strengthening urban green infrastructure, reducing environmental stressors, and improving equitable access to healthcare should be central to pneumonia prevention strategies in rapidly urbanizing African cities.
Authors
- Freddy Bangelesa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6843-7776)
- Loukia Aketi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3266-7489)
- Guillaume Mbela Kiyombo
- Elisephane IRANKUNDA
- Jean Marie Kayembe
- Thierry Tabou Tangou
- Daniel Masisa Matondo
- Benoit Obel Kabengele
- Mélanie Kinzunga Ngutuka
Institutions
- New York University Abu Dhabi (AE)
- Ministry of Public Health (CD)
- University of Würzburg (DE)
- Kinshasa General Hospital (CD)
- University of Kinshasa (CD)
Publication Details
- Journal
- BMC Public Health
- Published
- 2026-01-22
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-26318-3
- Primary Topic
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00