Comparative analysis of industry 4.0 and blockchain adoption readiness dimensions in manufacturing sector: a systematic literature review and research agenda

Abstract Industry 4.0 and blockchain technology are transforming manufacturing processes with automation, real-time data exchange capabilities and promoting trust across the supply chain. However, the assessment of the readiness of Industry 4.0 and blockchain technology within the manufacturing sector is preliminary for the successful integration of these technologies and thus transforming manufacturing processes. While Industry 4.0 readiness is not a new concept, and several Industry 4.0 readiness models have been devised specifically for SMEs across developed countries, no blockchain-related readiness model could be traced in the literature. Additionally, developed countries are maturing in the adoption of advanced technologies, while developing countries have showcased challenges in embracing Industry 4.0 and blockchain technology. This study systematically reviews and compares the readiness factors for the adoption of Industry 4.0 and blockchain in the manufacturing sector to provide directions for future research for digital transformation. A total of 63 articles were reviewed and analysed. The findings reveal 33 dimensions with an overlap of 9 common readiness dimensions across Industry 4.0 and Blockchain readiness, while the rest of the dimensions are distinctive. Industry 4.0 readiness is primarily marked by integrating information technology across the business for data management and planning the strategic integration of advanced technologies. On the contrary, blockchain readiness is more contingent upon standardisation and infrastructure. The present research is among the few studies that offer a comparative analysis of the readiness dimensions identified for Industry 4.0 and blockchain. Manufacturing firms can use these insights for a holistic approach towards the adoption of Industry 4.0 and blockchain, ensuring a secure digital transformation.