Endoscopic endonasal approach for craniopharyngioma resection in 604 cases: tumor classification, treatment strategies, and surgical outcomes

The EEA could be considered the first-line surgical treatment modality for most adult and pediatric patients with CP. For large CPs invading the hypothalamus, the EEA allows for sharp dissection of the tumor from the hypothalamus under direct visualization, enabling complete resection while minimizing hypothalamic damage. Intraoperative VEP monitoring aids in reducing visual deterioration. The proposed tumor classification and experience can enhance surgical quality, reduce complications, and guide patient counseling.