Numinous-like symptoms in epilepsy and/or insular tumors: A hospital cohort study

Our findings indicate that seizure-related numinous-like experiences are not uncommon and should be actively assessed, given the difficulty and reluctance of patients to speak about them, and their relevance for evaluating seizure freedom and differential diagnoses. Neuroscientifically, these phenomena offer insight into consciousness: EcS and OBE occupy distinct nodes in self-processing networks, whereas SenP requires further cognitive, psychological, and phenomenological analysis to guide future neurobiological research.