Implementation of an IoT-Based Temperature Monitoring System for Pharmaceutical Storage: A Qualitative Case Study at the District Pharmaceutical Installation of Kendari City

Background: This study aimed to describe the implementation of an Internet of Things (IoT)–based automated temperature monitoring system for pharmaceutical storage at the District Pharmaceutical Installation (UPTD Instalasi Farmasi) of Kendari City. Method: A qualitative study with a case study approach was conducted, involving four pharmacy staff members as primary informants and one key informant from the District Health Office selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using semi-structured in-depth interviews covering manual temperature monitoring practices, IoT implementation, human resource and technical constraints, as well as perceptions of system effectiveness and sustainability, and were then analyzed thematically. Results: Four main themes were identified: (1) manual temperature monitoring prior to IoT implementation, which relied on periodic recording, was prone to omission, and lacked an early warning system; (2) implementation of the IoT system, which enabled real-time temperature monitoring and continuous data logging to support reporting and pharmaceutical planning; (3) human resource and technical challenges, including limited training, restricted Bluetooth range, unstable network quality, and inconsistent power supply; and (4) positive perceptions of pharmacy staff and policymakers regarding the effectiveness of the IoT system, including its potential for replication in other health care facilities. The study concludes that the IoT-based system contributes to improved work efficiency and accountability of temperature monitoring data; however, its success and sustainability largely depend on strengthening human resource capacity, ensuring adequate infrastructure support, and integrating the system into policies and standard operating procedures of pharmaceutical installations.