Managing metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in VEXAS syndrome: a therapeutic challenge

We highlight the clinical dilemma of using programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors in patients with VEXAS (vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic) syndrome, emphasizing the delicate balance between therapeutic efficacy and immune-related toxicity. The use of the PD-1 inhibitor in patients with VEXAS syndrome presents a significant clinical challenge, requiring a careful risk–benefit assessment.