The caudal commencement of the azygos and hemiazygos veins revisited: They are not a direct continuation of the ascending lumbar veins
The azygos and hemiazygos veins stem almost exclusively from the confluence of a dorsal and ventral root uniting ventrolaterally to the body of the 12th thoracic vertebra cranial to the diaphragm. Due to their position, only the ventral root passes the diaphragm whereas the dorsal root has no contact to the diaphragm.
Authors
- Bettina Pretterklieber (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8015-0740)
- M Pretterklieber
- Dustin Bauer
Institutions
- Medical University of Graz (AT)
- Medical University of Vienna (AT)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger
- Published
- 2026-01-21
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aanat.2026.152793
- Primary Topic
- Vascular anomalies and interventions
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00