Research on the application of distributed photovoltaic-battery systems in commercial-office complexes: The impact of building hybrid characteristics on PVB systems

The feasibility of distributed photovoltaic battery (PVB) systems in buildings has been validated, demonstrating that the integration of renewable energy with energy storage is essential for achieving low- carbon operational goals in buildings. Prior research has illustrated that complementary electricity consumption between buildings can reduce storage capacity requirements. However, there are currently few studies that utilize real-world electricity consumption data from actual building complexes to comprehensively evaluate the performance and characteristics of PVB systems from perspectives such as building type composition, scale, and PV penetration rate. This study is based on year-round electricity load data from multiple real-world commercial and office buildings. The study examines how the mix of shopping malls and office buildings, as well as the load distribution ratio, influence the performance of PVB systems. The findings reveal that during non-working days, the electricity load complementarity between the two building types in commercial-office complexes enhances the matching performance of PVB systems, leading to greater economic benefits. Additionally, the electricity load ratio between office and commercial buildings, has a significant impact on the application of PVB systems. The conclusions and analyses from this study offer data support for demand response strategies aimed at efficiently utilizing renewable energy in commercial-office complexes.