A Novel Oligosaccharide Derived from Lactobacillus plantarum as a Multifunctional Modifier: Suppressing Aβ Fibrillation and Enhancing Fmoc-F Hydrogel Processing

Probiotics enhance food nutrition and promote human health owing to their bioactive metabolites and regulatory effects on the gut microbiota. The oligosaccharide (OGS) shows excellent prebiotic characteristics of bioavailability, digestibility, and absorption efficiency, but probiotic-derived OGS has been rarely reported. Herein, <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> (<i>L. plantarum</i>) MA2 OGS was extracted, purified, and characterized, the monosaccharides of which were mainly composed of galactose, glucose, and mannose. MA2 OGS could inhibit β-amyloid 40 (Aβ40) aggregation and fibrillogenesis, mitigate aggregation-induced cytotoxicity, and disassemble the mature fibrils in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, when the MA2 OGS composite was used with 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl-modified phenylalanine (Fmoc-F), the gelatinization properties of Fmoc-F@OGS hydrogels were improved, including water retention, rheological characteristics, moisture distribution, and thermal degradability. This study offers theoretical and practical value for developing probiotic-based functional foods with improved nutrient delivery and sustained release.