The Media as Defenders or Disruptors of Democracy? Comparing Citizens’, Politicians’, and Journalists’ Perspectives on Pro-Democracy Journalism

In times of democratic backsliding, expectations of a pro-democratic media role are intensifying. This study examines expectations and evaluations of pro-democracy journalism among German citizens, journalists, and politicians. Findings show strong public and political support for a more active pro-democracy stance, which is also part of journalists’ role conception, but perceived media performance falls short in practice. Right-wing and anti-democratic public and political actors oppose such a role, raising concerns over increasing delegitimization of news media. The study highlights a gap between normative ideals and perceived performance, urging stronger journalistic engagement to defend democracy and its values.