Exploring the knowledge level and practices of hospital pharmacists in management of oral anticoagulants in Gulf Cooperation Council countries: a scoping review of literature

Findings highlight inadequate knowledge and practice among pharmacists regarding OACs. Although all studies included community pharmacists and other healthcare providers, none focused exclusively on hospital pharmacists, who are more directly involved in OAC management in the GCC. All studies relied solely on self-reported data, increasing bias. Most studies originated from Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE, reducing generalizability. Nevertheless, addressing knowledge gaps could improve hospital pharmacists' practice on OACs management, improving patient safety, and optimising therapeutic outcomes.