Postoperative complications and mechanical outcomes following endoscopic versus open lumbar fusion: A propensity-matched analysis

Endoscopic lumbar fusion was associated with higher rates of several medical and infection-related complications, as well as significantly higher pseudoarthrosis at 1 and 2 years, while demonstrating lower instrumentation failure. These findings highlight distinct risk profiles between techniques and emphasize the importance of patient selection and continued refinement of endoscopic fusion approaches.