Advances in Targeted Antimitochondrial Therapies: Innovations and Future Directions

Abstract Cellular homeostasis depends on mitochondria, which also play a role in triggering different diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders and immune-related conditions. Specific anti-mitochondrial therapeutic methods represent a promising treatment strategy that allows proper control over mitochondrial processes with reduced side effects. The review examines state-of-the-art antimitochondrial therapeutic approaches through the evaluation of innovative delivery platforms, chemical treatments and genetic therapeutic methods. The review examines existing challenges and future prospects within this field. The analysis of recent publications emphasised mitochondria-sensitive metabolic routes and selective delivery systems and therapeutic progress. Research investigates four main delivery and pharmacological approaches, which consist of mitochondria-penetrating peptides and lipophilic cations and nanoparticle-based carriers in addition to emerging pharmacological agents. Modern research has substantially improved the accuracy of treatment methods that target mitochondria. Drug delivery systems development has enabled medical professionals to control mitochondrial bioenergetics, specifically create apoptosis in defective cells and manage reactive oxygen species. RNA interference, along with gene therapy, shows great promise for correcting mitochondrial gene mutations while simultaneously controlling disease-related mitochondrial proteins. Immunomodulatory approaches that combine with methods aimed at controlling mitochondrial dynamics help improve the treatment potential of these therapeutic strategies. Anti-mitochondrial pharmaceutical treatments hold promise for the medical therapy of multiple diseases. The clinical utilisation of antimitochondrial therapies encounters challenges regarding their efficiency and safety ratio. Research must persist into accurate drug delivery methods alongside mitochondrial-targeting approaches to develop clinical applications from these scientific advancements.