Dynamic Navigation Systems in Dental Implant Surgery: A Narrative Review

ABSTRACT: This article presents a narrative review of Dynamic Navigation Systems (DNS) in dental implant surgery, emphasizing their evolution, principles, workflows, components, accuracy, advantages, limitations, and future perspectives. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for studies published between 2000 and 2024 using keywords such as dynamic navigation, computer-assisted implant surgery, and image-guided implantology. Eligible in vitro and clinical studies were critically analyzed for methodology, accuracy outcomes, and clinical applicability. Findings indicate that DNS integrates CBCT-based planning with optical or electromagnetic tracking, enabling real-time intraoperative adjustments while maintaining prosthetic precision. First generation systems relied on fiducial markers, whereas newer platforms employ marker less registration with improved ergonomics and reduced setup time. Reported benefits include enhanced accuracy, intraoperative flexibility, improved visibility, and educational utility, while limitations involve cost, calibration sensitivity, and a learning curve. Current evidence supports DNS as a reliable and adaptable modality bridging static guidance and freehand techniques. However, further multicenter trials with standardized accuracy metrics, long-term follow-up, and cost-effectiveness analyses are required to establish DNS as a standard of care in computer assisted oral surgery.