The DNA-binding with one finger (Dof) transcription factor MdCDof3L contributes to resistance against Botryosphaeria dothidea in apple

Abstract Dof (DNA-binding with one finger) transcription factors play key roles in regulating plant gene expression, thereby influencing developmental regulation, stress response, and metabolic network construction. However, their involvement in plant pathogen defense has been less studied, particularly in the resistance mechanism to Botryosphaeria dothidea . This study reveals the apple ( Malus × domestica ) transcription factor MdCDof3L positively regulates resistance against B. dothidea . Overexpression of MdCDof3L in apple calli and fruits significantly enhanced disease resistance to B. dothidea . Jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) contents, as well as the expression of JA and SA synthesis-related and signaling-related genes, were higher in MdCDof3L -overexpressing apple calli and fruits than those in the control after inoculation. In addition, MdCDof3L plays a crucial role in apple responses to JA and SA signaling. Furthermore, exogenous application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and SA significantly induced MdCDof3L expression and enhanced apple resistance to B. dothidea . Overall, these findings suggest that MdCDof3L enhances apple resistance to B. dothidea through the JA and SA pathways, providing new insights into the role of Dof transcription factors in regulating plant disease resistance.