Systematic revision and biogeography of the endemic Lucanus kanoi species complex (Coleoptera, Lucanidae) from Taiwan, with the description of a new subspecies

In this study, the taxonomic status of the <i>Lucanus kanoi</i> species complex is examined through a comprehensive systematic revision, and the phylogenetic relationships among its constituent taxa are investigated. Three taxa are analyzed: <i>L. kanoi</i>, <i>L. piceus</i>, and <i>L. ogakii</i>. Although closely related, the results support the recognition of each as a distinct species-level taxon. Specifically, <i>L. piceus</i> <b>stat. nov</b>. is elevated to full species status, rather than being treated as a subspecies of <i>L. kanoi</i>. Furthermore, a new subspecies, <i>L. kanoi kavulunganus</i> <b>subsp. nov</b>., is described based on consistent morphological, biogeographical, and molecular evidence.