Circular Economy Implementation for Construction and Demolition (C&D) Waste in the Nigerian Construction Industry: A Delphi survey

Purpose - This study is aimed at investigating the implementation of circular economy (CE) strategies in a developing economy context with the view of understanding the construction and demolition (C&D) waste management dynamics. Design/Methodology/Approach - Sequel to a systematic review of literature, data was collected via Delphi survey from 22 and 17 Nigerian construction experts in the first and second rounds, respectively. Consensus was established after the stability of responses in the second round. Data were analysed using mean score ranking, rank agreement factor, and inter-rater analysis. Findings – 19 distinct CE strategies for managing C&D were identified. Subsequent assessment revealed mild implementation of these strategies across different construction stages, with the least implementation at the end-of-life phase, despite producing the most waste. Practical implications – The study revealed very mild implementation of CE strategies within the Nigerian Construction Industry (NCI) and highlighted the diverse views among the experts regarding the effectiveness of the strategies for managing C&D waste. Results from the study will offer an insightful guide for stakeholders and policymakers to understand the suitability of CE strategies at different stages of C&D waste for efficient policy development and decision-making. Originality/Value – This research contributes to the CE literature by synthesising the existing body of knowledge on CE strategies to manage C&D waste sustainably across the construction value chain of developing economies. It also establishes a foundation for prioritising effective CE strategies in the NCI and disseminating knowledge about ineffective related to waste management.