Tumor stage and treatment outcomes in external auditory canal SCC: a multicenter cohort study

Tumor stage and treatment modality appeared to be important prognostic factors in this cohort of EAC SCC. While surgery combined with adjuvant (C)RT was associated with more favorable outcomes in several analyses, the observational design limited causal inference. These results should be viewed as hypothesis-generating and underscore the need for larger prospective studies with standardized treatment reporting to clarify optimal strategies.