National Survey on Radiation Safety Practices and Exposure Among Vascular Surgery Trainees and Consultants in Spain

Our findings provide relevant information on radiation safety practices among vascular surgery professionals in Spain. A significant proportion of both trainees and consultants lack regular exposure feedback and have limited interaction with radiation safety personnel. In addition, many have not received recent refresher training. These results support the need for structured education, consistent exposure monitoring, and reinforcement of safety protocols across all levels of surgical training.Clinical ImpactThis nationwide survey provides a national overview of radiation safety training, monitoring, and protective practices among vascular surgery trainees and consultants in Spain. It shows that, despite widespread use of basic protective equipment, relevant gaps persist in refresher education, exposure feedback, and the implementation of advanced ALARA strategies. For clinicians, these findings underscore the need to move beyond individual protective measures toward structured, institutionally supported radiation safety practices. This study represents the first national evidence in Spain to support standardized training programs, institutional radiation safety protocols, and policies to reduce long-term occupational radiation exposure.