Temperature and conductivity variation in the Ungaran geothermal area, Central Java, Indonesia

This study aims to examine variations in groundwater temperature and conductivity in the Ungaran geothermal area, which has unique geothermal characteristics. This area is known to have significant geothermal activity, which can affect the physical and chemical characteristics of groundwater. Temperature and electrical conductivity measurements were conducted at several spring locations. Data obtained from these groundwater temperature and conductivity measurements were analyzed to determine the relationship between the two parameters and for geological interpretation purposes. The results show significant variations in both temperature and groundwater conductivity in the Ungaran area. This finding indicates that temperature does not determine the value of groundwater electrical conductivity. This is evidenced by the very low correlation (1.4%) across all springs or 20.9% for geothermally controlled springs. Thus, these temperature and conductivity variations can be caused by various local geological conditions.