A possible explanation for the Rule of Four in Inorganic Materials

Abstract Recently, Gazzarrini et al. observed a ‘rule of four’, where the number of atoms in a primitive unit cell for inorganic materials taken from large databases has been observed to favour multiples of four 1 . The number of atoms in a primitive cell is given by the product of the number of atoms in a formula unit (n F ) and the number of formula units per primitive cell (Z). Here it is shown the rule of four can be explained by taking into account the most probable values of n F and Z in inorganic materials datasets.

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Publication Details

Journal
npj Computational Materials
Published
2026-01-21
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41524-025-01937-3
Primary Topic
Machine Learning in Materials Science
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
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article

A possible explanation for the Rule of Four in Inorganic Materials

Robert G. Palgrave
npj Computational Materials
Machine Learning in Materials Science
article

A possible explanation for the Rule of Four in Inorganic Materials

Robert G. Palgrave
article en

Abstract

Abstract Recently, Gazzarrini et al. observed a ‘rule of four’, where the number of atoms in a primitive unit cell for inorganic materials taken from large databases has been observed to favour multiples of four 1 . The number of atoms in a primitive cell is given by the product of the number of atoms in a formula unit (n F ) and the number of formula units per primitive cell (Z). Here it is shown the rule of four can be explained by taking into account the most probable values of n F and Z in inorganic materials datasets.

npj Computational MaterialsVol. 12(1)
University College London (GB)
Openalex Percentile: Top 82%
Machine Learning in Materials Science
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A possible explanation for the Rule of Four in Inorganic Materials — Robert G. Palgrave · npj Computational Materials (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS