The dynamics of collaborative governance: a life cycle perspective

Purpose This study introduces a life cycle model of collaborative governance to explain the dynamic emergence, evolution and sustainable practices of collaborative initiatives, bridging theoretical and managerial gaps. Design/methodology/approach The model is conceptualized by synthesizing and extending prominent frameworks in collaborative governance literature and other related fields. It is grounded in an extensive theoretical review to identify key stages, activities and feedback mechanisms that support effective collaboration. Findings The model identifies five evolutionary stages – from pre-collaboration to sustainable collaboration – each defined by specific activities, transition mechanisms and conditions. Cross-cutting elements like leadership, trust-building and collective learning shape these transitions. It highlights critical intervention points, emphasizing planning, adaptability and institutionalization for long-term impact. Research limitations/implications The model is conceptual and requires empirical testing across diverse contexts. Future studies could examine its applicability in different governance systems and its adaptability to varying political and institutional environments. Investigating underexplored stages like pre-collaboration and sustainable collaboration could further enrich its theoretical robustness. Practical implications The model provides a structured approach for practitioners to initiate, design and sustain collaborative processes, emphasizing feedback mechanisms, adaptability and institutional support for long-term success. Originality/value This study advances collaborative governance research by introducing a dynamic life cycle framework that (1) explicitly incorporates underexplored stages such as pre-collaboration and sustainable collaboration and (2) theorizes stage transitions and their managerial and institutional requirements. The model offers both theoretical insights and practical guidelines for designing, managing and sustaining collaborative efforts.