Comparative evaluation of biological and chemical treatments for root-knot nematode management in cucumber under Mid-Himalayan protected cultivation

Root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) (RKN) poses a major threat to cucumber cultivation, particularly under protected cultivation systems in the Mid-Himalayan region. The present study evaluated the effectiveness of various treatments for managing M. incognita infestations in cucumber, focusing on both biological and chemical control methods. The treatments tested include Bacillus pumilus, B. amyloliquefaciens, Pochonia chlamydosporia, Carbofuran 3G, farmyard manure, and a negative control. Results indicated that B. pumilus (T2) was the most effective treatment, significantly reducing root knot intensity, egg mass formation, and nematode populations in both soil and roots compared to other treatments. The use of B. pumilus proved to be a bio-boosting, encompassing practice that enhanced the plant growth and productivity compared to other treatments. This study suggests the feasibility of using bioagents like B. pumilus for combating cucumber RKN in the mid-Himalayan region, offering a promising solution for improving cucumber production under protected cultivation.