Patient Safety Culture and Emotional Exhaustion Among ICU Professionals: A Five-year Longitudinal Study

Emotional exhaustion in ICU professionals is shaped by dynamic interactions between organizational structures and individual-level coping resources. Early burnout prevention should focus on institutional support, while long-term strategies should promote stress awareness and carefully manage team-based expectations. These findings provide health care leaders with actionable insights to design adaptive, stage-specific interventions to sustain psychological resilience in high-stress clinical environments.