Public Emotional and Thematic Responses to Major Emergencies on Social Media, 2024-2025: Cross-Sectional Convergent Mixed Methods Study

Emergency discourse is not neutral but is systematically structured by cultural values that shape emotions and themes. Integrating multilingual computational and qualitative methods, we offer a replicable framework using large-scale data, moving crisis and infodemiological research beyond single-platform or survey-based approaches. Our findings advance theory-informed understanding of how cultural meaning systems translate into observable digital discourse under conditions of risk and uncertainty. They also offer practical implications for governments, public health agencies, international organizations, and digital platforms by informing culturally adaptive, platform-specific risk communication, community moderation, and crisis engagement strategies that can strengthen public trust, improve compliance with protective behaviors, and mitigate infodemic-related harms.