Impact of zero-markup consumable policy and national procurement of orthopedic spinal devices in China: a mixed-methods study

The study suggests that following the implementation of the CVBP policy in Chinese public hospitals, pricing reforms for medical consumables were associated with reductions in both medical consumable and total hospitalization expenditures, as well as a shift in the composition of expenses. In contrast, the reform of ZMCP appeared to have limited measurable impact within the specific context of this study. By integrating quantitative and qualitative evidence, this research helps to clarify the specific complexities and challenges involved in implementing health policy reforms in China, and it provides preliminary insights into the potential mechanisms driving these observed changes.