Blockchain-enabled product life cycle assessment information management system

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) often faces challenges such as low data transparency, limited traceability, and poor data sharing among entities. To address these issues, this study develops a blockchain based life cycle information management system that adopts a front end and back end separation architecture and integrates on chain and off chain collaborative storage. The system supports version tracking, auditing, and secure data sharing through unique identifiers, permission control, and smart contracts. Using bogie frame as a case study, it was validated under real data scenarios, showing zero error rates and high consistency in integrity and transparency. Performance tests indicated average response times of 30–60 ms and on chain delays of about 2.8 s, with stable operation at medium scale. The proposed framework enhances transparency, reliability, and efficiency, providing a scalable digital solution for integrating blockchain with LCA in sustainable manufacturing.