Mindset over molecule: comparing self-transcendent and mystical experiences across recreational psilocybin, MDMA, and cannabis use

Findings indicate a "mindset-over-molecule" pattern wherein psychological context ("set") is more strongly associated with psychedelic outcomes than substance type alone.

Authors

Angelica Spata
Christina Chwyl (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9257-6650)
Will Lucas
Jason B. Luoma

Institutions

Portland Public Schools (US)
University of Portland (US)

Publication Details

Journal: BMC Psychology
Published: 2026-01-21
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-03921-4
Primary Topic: Psychedelics and Drug Studies
Type: article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact: 0.00

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article

Mindset over molecule: comparing self-transcendent and mystical experiences across recreational psilocybin, MDMA, and cannabis use

Angelica Spata, Christina Chwyl, Will Lucas, Jason B. Luoma

Jan 21, 2026

BMC Psychology

Psychedelics and Drug Studies

article

Mindset over molecule: comparing self-transcendent and mystical experiences across recreational psilocybin, MDMA, and cannabis use

Angelica Spata, Christina Chwyl, Will Lucas, Jason B. Luoma

January 21, 2026article en

Abstract

Findings indicate a "mindset-over-molecule" pattern wherein psychological context ("set") is more strongly associated with psychedelic outcomes than substance type alone.

BMC PsychologyVol. 14(1)

Portland Public Schools (US), University of Portland (US)

Good health and well-being

Openalex Percentile: Top 84%

Psychedelics and Drug Studies

DOI Open Access PDF OpenAlex

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Mindset over molecule: comparing self-transcendent and mystical experiences across recreational psilocybin, MDMA, and cannabis use — Angelica Spata, Christina Chwyl, et al. · BMC Psychology (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS