Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Pd/ <scp>PdO</scp> Quantum Dots From Pd‐N,N‐Dimethylbenzylamine Complex for Supercapacitor Applications

ABSTRACT In this research, a homobinuclear complex (di‐μ‐chlorobis[2‐[(dimethylamino)methyl]phenyl‐C,N]dipalladium(II)) was used as a synthon to prepare a palladium/palladium oxide quantum dot composite. A novel method was employed to prepare the metal/metal oxide composite using an autoclave system in a microwave device with perchloric acid as an oxidizing agent. The nanocomposite was characterized using X‐ray diffraction to determine the type of the composite and then it was characterized by TEM to determine the size and shape of the particles. The results confirmed the presence of palladium and palladium oxide peaks in XRD. Furthermore, the TEM measurement confirmed the presence of the material in the form of quantum dots with a size not exceeding 8 nm. The electrical properties of this composite were examined to confirm its suitability for use in supercapacitors. The results show that the real dielectric constant of Pd/PdO decreases as the frequency increases, indicating a weaker response at higher frequencies. The imaginary dielectric constant is relatively stable across different frequencies. The electrical conductivity gradually increases with frequency, especially at high frequencies. The real dielectric constant of Pd/PdO starts from 0.327 at Log Hz = 2.01101 and continues to decrease to 0.01219 at Log Hz = 5.01101. The imaginary dielectric constant ranges from 0.02644 to 0.02111 across frequencies from Log Hz = 2.01101 to Log Hz = 5.01101. The conductivity starts from 2.214E −1 at Log Hz = 2.01101 and reaches 2.629E −1 at Log Hz = 5.01101 with a noticeable increase at high frequencies. The prepared quantum dots were used as electrodes for supercapacitor application and the results demonstrate that the supercapacitor charged to 2.65 V using sodium sulfate as an electrolyte.