Stigmasterol Glucoside, a Phytosterol Glycoside, Mitigates Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and Liver Injury

Stigmasterol glucoside (SG), a phytosterol glycoside derived from plants, is widely distributed in numerous natural sources-particularly medicinal and edible plants-and is recognized to possess potential anti-inflammatory properties, although its mechanisms of action remain incompletely understood. Experimental results demonstrated that SG significantly attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 macrophages. In a murine model of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) established by LPS challenge, SG effectively mitigated systemic inflammation and ameliorated LPS-induced hepatic dysfunction. Integrated network pharmacological analysis and transcriptomic sequencing revealed that SG primarily exerts its anti-inflammatory activity through modulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathways, thereby conferring protection against liver injury and systemic inflammation. These findings highlight SG as a promising therapeutic candidate for inflammation-related disorders.