Congenital Renal arteriovenous malformation: An unusual cause of clot retention – Case report and review of the literature

A 35-year-old male with no prior medical or surgical history presented with clot retention. Cystoscopy revealed bloody efflux from the left ureteral orifice. Ureteroscopy showed clots within the left lower renal moiety. CT angiogram and renal angiography confirmed a renal arteriovenous malformation (AVM) that was successfully embolized. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a congenital renal AVM in a duplex collecting system. Prior cases of congenital renal AVM presenting with gross hematuria are reviewed. This is an unusual cause of gross hematuria in patients, which occasionally can be severe. Nonetheless, selective angioembolization provides excellent outcomes.