Digital assessment of grief reactions in Vietnamese bereaved: protocol for an experience sampling study

Purpose This paper aims to assess daily fluctuations in grief reactions among Vietnamese bereaved. Although grief is a universal experience, current understanding of the progression and predictive factors of bereavement-related distress predominantly originates from Western settings. Research indicates cultural variations in the development of grief over time. Notably, there has not been a study investigating how bereavement-related distress manifests in Vietnam. Design/methodology/approach Experience sampling method (ESM) can provide detailed, real-time data on daily reactions. Hundred Vietnamese bereaved adults (>18 years old) who lost a loved one in the last 6 months will complete a 2-week ESM assessment app (mPath) every 3 months for 6 months. The app sends daily reminders to complete a questionnaire about grief reactions and daily life context. Participants will complete a baseline mental health assessment before each ESM period. Findings Data collection for ESM assessments began in June 2025 and will end in December 2025. As of September 2025, 91 participants have been enrolled. A mix of longitudinal and fine-grained data will reveal daily fluctuations of grief reactions, long-term trajectories and associated contextual outcomes. Originality/value This study represents the inaugural research endeavor to digitally monitor grief trajectories among Vietnamese bereaved individuals. This study holds substantial potential to contribute to the development of more nuanced, culturally sensitive and technologically advanced bereavement support.