Two worlds, one test: Climate leadership after Belém

Two worlds, one test: Climate leadership after Belém Professor Richard Beardsworth analyses climate leadership after Belém, focusing on managing the fossil fuel transition beyond COP30. In an earlier reflection ahead of COP30, I argued that Belém would test which of two co-existing political logics was gaining ground: a multilateral, rules- based world seeking cooperative leadership around shared planetary risks, and a centrifugal, sovereignty- protective world treating climate obligations as intrusive or optional. Belém delivered that test, but not in the way headlines suggested.