Optimizing prescription of resistance training for body composition, muscle strength, and physical performance in older adults with sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

RT is a robust, evidence-based strategy for enhancing MS, functional performance, and body composition in sarcopenic older adults. Findings suggest approximate cumulative duration ranges (~ 1,043 min for MS and ~ 2,716 min for WA) that were associated with maximal gains in pooled analyses. These values should be interpreted as exploratory indicators supporting individualized programming within the FITT-VP framework. Clinicians and exercise practitioners should tailor intensity (60-80% 1RM), frequency, and progression to optimize adherence, effectiveness, and long-term functional outcomes in sarcopenia management.