Advanced Ni-Co and Sn-based alloys electrodeposition from Aqueous and Deep Eutectic Solvents

Electrodeposition is a pivotal technique in materials science, enabling the fabrication of metal and alloy coatings with tailored properties for diverse industrial applications. Traditional aqueous electrolytes, while widely used, present limitations such as narrow electrochemical windows, hydrogen evolution, and environmental concerns. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as promising alternatives, offering broader electrochemical windows, reduced toxicity, and enhanced solubility for metal salts. This review comprehensively examines the principles and advancements in electrodeposition from both aqueous and DES media, focusing on the deposition of Ni-Co and Sn-based alloys, the role of additives, the electrodeposition of metal powders, and surface analysis techniques. The discussion highlights the advantages of DESs over conventional solvents, the influence of complexing agents and additives on deposit characteristics, and the methodologies employed for surface characterization. Future perspectives emphasize the need for further research into optimizing DES formulations, understanding additive interactions, and developing scalable processes for industrial applications