Vaginal <i>Lactobacillus</i> postbiotics ameliorate <i>Gardnerella vaginalis</i> -induced bacterial vaginosis by regulating vaginal microbiota and restoring Th17/Treg balance

These findings indicate that postbiotics improve bacterial vaginitis through multiple mechanisms, including antibacterial and antioxidant effects, immune regulation, and restoration of vaginal flora structure and metabolic balance. This study highlights the potential clinical value of postbiotics in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis.