Self-management of type D and non-type D personality in elderly patients with chronic heart failure: A longitudinal survey

Elderly patients with CHF with Type D and non-Type D personalities exhibit significant differences in self-management, with differences emerging during hospitalization (confined to psychological and social adaptation management and symptom management) and persisting for 1 year post-discharge. Notably, the disadvantage of Type D personality extends to all four self-management dimensions (medication, diet, psychological and social adaptation, and symptom management) after discharge, highlighting it as a stable risk factor for inadequate long-term self-management in this population.