Safety profile of long-term intraocular ophthalmic viscoelastic devices: a systematic review

By far, HA-based OVDs have been the most well described, with several long-term intraocular applications. They display highly favourable biophysical properties with minimal adverse reactions in short and long-term in vivo, in vitro and animal studies. There is limited safety data on HPMC and CS-based products, despite their popularity. This represents a gap in the literature and invites the need for high-quality evidence to support their continued use, particularly in the realms of vitreoretinal surgery and chronic hypotony.