Maladaptive Household Responses to Extreme Weather in Colombia

Climate change can trigger household adaptations that unintentionally worsen environmental impacts. This study examines how extreme weather events influence appliance ownership in Colombia, using data from the Integrated Household Survey conducted by the National Administrative Department of Statistics and climate records from the Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology, and Environmental Studies. Probability models with fixed effects show that extreme temperatures increase the likelihood of households acquiring fans and air conditioners, while extreme precipitation raises heater ownership. These patterns reflect maladaptive responses that intensify energy demand and emissions. Effects differ across socioeconomic groups, gender, and regions, underscoring inequalities in adaptive capacity. The findings highlight the importance of policies that encourage sustainable and equitable adaptation strategies in urban contexts.