Research advances in rumen development and regulatory mechanisms in young ruminants

Rumen development in young ruminants is pivotal for determining their overall growth performance and production efficiency. Here this review outlines the progression of rumen development and its primary influencing factors in young ruminants. Additionally, this review examines the potential regulatory mechanisms underlying rumen development from two critical perspectives: the GH/IGF hormonal axis and the RAP1A/GPR41-PPAR-mediated cellular signaling pathway. These findings aim to establish a robust theoretical framework for future research by interested scholars focused on optimizing feeding management strategies and developing nutritional interventions, thereby fostering healthy rumen development and enhancing efficient ruminant production.