An investigation into the challenges confronting women-led ministries within Pentecostalism

Background: Women-led ministries within Pentecostal churches continue to face significant barriers despite the early inclusivity of the Azusa Street Revival. Patriarchal interpretations of Scripture, restrictive cultural norms and historical biases continue to influence leadership spaces, limiting women’s visibility and authority in ministry. Objectives: This study investigates the challenges confronting women-led ministries within Pentecostalism, with particular focus on the South African and broader African contexts. It explores how gender, culture and theology intersect to shape the lived experiences of women in ministry. Method: A qualitative approach was employed, using literature analysis and theological reflection to examine the structural, cultural and doctrinal factors that sustain gender inequality in Pentecostal leadership. Results: Findings of this study reveal that although women contribute significantly to spiritual leadership, pastoral care, community development and church growth, their leadership continues to be restricted. Theological barriers, patriarchal church governance, limited access to theological training and sociocultural expectations continue to hinder their advancement. Despite these challenges, women demonstrate resilience and innovation within ministry spaces. Conclusion: The study calls for a critical re-evaluation of doctrinal interpretations and church policies to promote inclusive leadership. Contribution: This study contributes to scholarly discourse by highlighting the need for transformative theological frameworks that affirm the gifts, calling and leadership of women in the Pentecostal churches.