Comparative pharmacokinetics of levodopa–carbidopa intestinal gel infusion and foslevodopa–foscarbidopa continuous subcutaneous infusion therapies in advanced Parkinson's disease

LCIG and FOCS show distinct PK profiles despite similar overall concentrations. LCIG provides a rapid rise in levodopa levels and earlier On onset, whereas FOCS yields higher SSConc values and greater dose-concentration efficiency, informing titration approaches, nighttime infusion settings, and individualized selection of continuous infusion-based dopaminergic therapy.