Prostate Cancer in the MENA Region: Attributable Burden of Behavioral and Environmental Exposures

These findings suggest that integrated water quality management, tobacco control, lifestyle interventions, and targeted environmental surveillance should be prioritized to reduce prostate cancer burden in the MENA region. However, estimates of drinking-water nitrate exposure rely on limited evidence from a single case-control study with a relatively small sample size, and should therefore be considered exploratory and primarily hypothesis-generating.