Attention Changes Following Computer-Based Cognitive Training After Acquired Brain Damage

Background: Attention deficits represent one of the most prevalent cognitive impairments following acquired brain damage. Given its important role in supporting a wide range of everyday and occupational activities, attention is considered one of the key domains of cognitive functioning. This study investigates pre-post changes in attentional performance during computer-based cognitive training (CCT) in the context of neurological rehabilitation. Methods: In this retrospective, observational study, data from 127 patients undergoing CCT during neurological rehabilitation were analysed. The training targeted impaired attentional components, which were assessed before and after the intervention using the Test of Attentional Performance (TAP). Specific analyses focused on alertness, selective attention, and divided attention. Results: Significant pre-post improvements in alertness, selective attention, and divided attention occurred during CCT participation, irrespective of primary diagnosis or training duration. Both the CogniPlus training tasks (Schuhfried, Mödling, Austria) and the independent TAP assessment reflected training-related changes. However, a subgroup with more severe baseline impairments showed less pronounced training-related changes. Conclusion: Participation in CCT was associated with significant improvements in attentional functions. Although these findings are clinically encouraging, they should be interpreted as descriptive pre-post changes rather than as evidence of causal treatment efficacy. Prospective, controlled studies are necessary to determine the long-term effects of CCT and to evaluate its impact on functional outcomes in everyday life.