Stimulated Urine C-Peptide creatinine ratio and serum C-Peptide levels to assess beta cell function in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Introduction Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) involves autoimmune beta cell destruction impacted by genetic and environmental influences. Urine C-peptide/creatinine ratio (UCPCR) proves helpful, less invasive marker for tracking the capability of beta cells. The work aimed to gauge residual beta cell functionality regarding children having T1DM by measuring mixed meal stimulated UCPCR alongside serum C-peptide levels. Patients and methods This cross-sectional and case-control study was performed on 120 patients having T1DM. Patients were categorized into two groups: group A: children diagnosed having T1DM and group B: Healthy children serving control group, matched in age as well as sex with patients. Results A substantial positive connection between fasting alongside 120-min UCPCR and corresponding levels of serum C-peptide throughout mixed meal tolerance test in the case group. Additionally, UCPCR (fasting and 120 min) showed negative correlations with glycated hemoglobin, dosage of insulin, as well as insulin dose-adjusted glycated hemoglobin. Fasting C-peptide can significantly predict T1DM and basal fasting UCPCR [ P <0.001 and area undue curve (AUC] 0.809) and ( P <0.001 and AUC 0.864) with Sensitivity 75.56 and 82.22%, specificity 60.0 and 80.0%. 120 min serum C-peptide can significantly forecast diminished residual beta cell functionality ( P <0.001 and AUC 0.811) with sensitivity 81.11%, Specificity 80.0%. 120 min UCPCR can significantly predict low residual beta cell functionality ( P <0.001 and AUC 0.882) at cutoff point less than or equal to 1.11, with Sensitivity 86.67% and Specificity 80.0%. Conclusion UCPCR and serum C-peptide during mixed meal tolerance test are valuable markers for prediction of low residual beta cell functions.