3D printing-assisted triple-vessel in situ fenestration combined with a diameter-restricting technique for a complex giant aortic arch aneurysm in an octogenarian: a case report and technical innovation

This case highlights that TEVAR with 3D printing-assisted <i>ex vivo</i> fenestration and a diameter-restricting technique can serve as a viable alternative to open surgery for high-risk octogenarians with complex aortic arch aneurysms, overcoming traditional limitations of <i>in situ</i> fenestration while preserving cerebral perfusion. Further studies are warranted to validate this approach in larger populations.